Mary Flagler Cary (1901-1967) was the daughter of Harry Harkness Flagler, and granddaughter of Henry Morrison Flagler, one of the founders of Standard Oil. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. Henry Morrison Flagler was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York. She and her family were given expensive gifts by Henry Flagler in celebration. "The Mary Lily Kenan Conspiracy." It was reported that people along the railway line waited all night for the passing of the funeral train as it traveled from Palm Beach to St. . Henry married Nancy Flagler in month 1861, at age 25 at marriage place, Michigan. Flagler and Dan Harkness remained friends and business associates and, in 1852, they opened a distillery. VisitStAugustine.com, 2022. In the case of Henry Flagler's life, it seems his personal troubles compounded in the 1890s. . [51] In 1901, Flagler bribed the Florida Legislature and Governor to pass a law that made incurable insanity grounds for divorce, opening the way for Flagler to remarry. "[63], Miami's main east-west street is named Flagler Street and is the main shopping street in Downtown Miami. The mausoleum adjacent to the church is where Flagler, his daughter, granddaughter and first wife are buried. '"[42] Flagler served as an active part of Standard Oil until 1882, when he stepped back to take a secondary role at Standard Oil. When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . Flagler also met one Dr. Andrew Anderson, who would almost immediately become a lifelong partner and friend. Volume 86, Number 514, 1893. He never recovered and died in Palm Beach of his injuries on May 20, 1913 at 83 years of age. [64], On February 24, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled in Key West near the spot where the Over-Sea Railroad once terminated. Two years after his first wife died in 1881, he married again. [17]This subsidiary, the Empire Transportation Company, which Joseph D. Potts created in 1865 and also ran, owned other assets including a small fleet of ships on the Great Lakes. Soon after, though, Mary and Harry followed. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. Dan married Lamon's eldest daughter, Isabella, in 1849 (yes, they were first cousins). First A Little On Henry Flagler. Henry started spending a great deal more time in Florida, soon claiming the state as his permanent residence. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. Carrie died at the age of 3. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. Ralph, Julian. In fact, this was a struggle that was occurring all over the country. The land owners were Julia Tuttle, whom he had met in Cleveland, Ohio, and William Brickell, who ran a trading post on the Miami River. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil, which was first based in Ohio. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. Graham, Thomas. (To get a first-hand account of the journey from New York to St. Augustine, visit our page on Constance Fenimore Woolson's article "The Ancient City In Two Parts," which was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1874.). To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. At last in 1911, the Supreme Court of the United States found Standard Oil Company of New Jersey in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. As such, the salt industry was tax-exempt during the Civil War and essential employees were exempt from the draft. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. As the 1870s progressed, Henry Flagler, John D. Rockefeller, and their families began to move from Cleveland to New York and back again about twice a year such were the demands of their beloved business. After a few short weeks, the family all moved back to New York, much to the detriment of Mary Harkness Flagler's health, which got progressively worse in the coming years. In fact, Henry Flagler was so pleased with his Florida projects that he began the construction of a second hotel, just across the street from the Ponce de Leon. From there on out, Dr. Anderson was a major supporter and confidant of Henry Flagler, often acting as his business liaison in St. Augustine when Flagler was out of town. Last Train to Paradise: Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad that Crossed an Ocean (Paperback) by. The railroads were fighting fiercely for traffic and, in an attempt to create a cartel to control freight rates, formed the South Improvement Company in collusion with Standard and other oil men outside the main oil centers. He was born on January 2, 1830 and his birthplace is Hopewell, NY. Mendez, Jesus. McGuire & McDonald were in charge of construction. It seemed a new leaf was turning for the little family of the Robber Baron. The Alcazar is today the Lightner Museum, next to the Casa Monica Hotel in St. Augustine that Flagler bought from Franklin W. Smith. Played by Tom Amandes. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway. Equivalent to a 15% discount, they put Standard Oil in position to significantly undercut other oil refineries. Whatever the case may be, Flagler focused on his family and his fortune during the years of 1861 to 1865. This project sparked Flagler's interest in creating a new "American Riviera." He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Enamoured by what Henry Flagler had been up to down south, droves of rich tourists made that harrowing journey to St. Augustine. He married his second wife, Miss Ida Shrouds, the daughter of a Philadelphia minister, in 1883. Perhaps because of the economic success that Flagler's industries had delivered to the state or perhaps because of direct funding being delivered to individual senators, Flagler was able to convince the legislature to pass a little bill for him in April of 1901. 2. Flagler engaged Thomas Hastings and Jean Carrere of the Carrere & Hastings architectural firm to design the hotel. In fact, after completing the eighth grade, he decided to leave home and went to Ohio to find his fortune. He also built the Alcazar Hotel as an overflow hotel for the Ponce de Leon Hotel. 1888: The Ponce de Leon Hotel in St. Augustine, 1888: The Casa Monica/ Cordova Hotel in St. Augustine, 1894: The Royal Poinciana Hotel in Palm Beach (on Lake Worth), 1897: The Royal Palm Hotel on the banks of the Miami River, 1901: The Breakers Hotel in Palm Beach (on the Atlantic Coast). In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. Two years after her death, he married her nurse, Ida Alice Shourds. Flagler wanted to take advantage of additional trade with Cuba and Latin America as well as the increased trade with the west that the Panama Canal would bring. Mary Lily Kenan Flagler inherited the majority of Henry Flagler's fortune but was unlucky enough to die of an apparent heart attack, only five years after Flagler's death. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. That year he reportedly gave her more than $1 million in jewelry. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. He returned to St. Augustine in 1885 and made Smith an offer. Racked with bronchitis and unable to do much for herself, Mary joined Henry in the Buckingham Hotel. Welcome to Ms. Collins, Ms. Bellino, and Ms. King's 4th grade history virtual fieldtrip! Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 - May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. Because he was famous and successful and he made a lot of things in Florida. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. An immense engineering effort was required to cut through the wilderness and marsh from St. Augustine to Palm Beach. "Historical Person Profile: Henry Flagler." [52] A spouse's mental incapacity was later restored by the legislature as a grounds for dissolution of marriage, and remains the law of Florida today. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. Zacharra worked in England for several years before moving to Dutchess County, New York, in 1710. Those who failed to fulfill these expectations were often punished for it. An incident that is commonly cited as being 'the straw that broke the camel's back' occurred on one of the Flaglers' expensive yachts (of which the couple had many the Alicia was even named after Ida Alice). And even Thomas Edison had his hand in this project, having been responsible for wiring the entirety of the Hotel Ponce de Leon with electricity. "[56], A congressional investigation in 1909 concluded that "there had been little immigrant peonage in the South and none in the [railway camps] camps in the Keys. Pratt and Rogers became Flagler and Rockefeller's partners. Version accessed: St. Augustine, FL: Historic Print & Map Company, 2004. See more ideas about flagler, key west, florida. Their efforts to monopolize the oil industry are referred to as the 'Cleveland Massacre,' and though John D. Rockefeller is generally more well-known than Henry Flagler, quotes from Rockefeller credit Flagler with the monopolization idea. He served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. "For the longest time, I could not imagine why Jean would save Whitehall," said Mr. Ponce. By then the trust still had a 70% market share of the refined oil market but only 14% of the U.S. crude oil supply. [citation needed], Although Standard Oil was a partnership, Flagler was credited as the brain behind the booming oil refining business. Stately and serious, genteel and generous some have even referred to him as "Uncle Henry.". She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). However, Henry Flagler did not join his half-brother. Mary and Henry's first child was Jennie Louise (born March 1855), then Carrie (born June 1858 and named after Henry Flagler's older half-sister, Caroline), then finally, Harry Flagler (born December 1870). Henry Flagler had realized his dream and slipped quietly from this world at his ocean cottage 'Nautalis' on May 20, 1913, in Palm Beach, Florida. If you ask the same question in Florida, most people will have known someone who lives on Flagler Blvd., in Flagler County, or down the road from the Flagler Museum. The current sanctuary building that is seen today was built in the late 1880s and early 1890s by gracious donations from Henry Morrison Flagler. Bowman, Bryan & Kathy Roberts Forde. Flagler dredged a channel, built streets, instituted the first water and power systems, and financed the city's first newspaper, The Metropolis. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. Dr. Shelton had attended Flagler's daughter Jennie Benedict when she died from complications after childbirth in 1889. Luckily, the couple found the city to be even more promising than before. At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Then, just a few months before the end of the Ponce de Leon Hotel's second season, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict died from complications of childbirth. Day 2 - Flagler Legacy Tour - Flagler's Churches - St. Augustine Distillery - Dinner at Ice Plant Bar This morning after breakfast, meet your local guide for a Flagler Legacy Tour. In fact, the exterior bares a memorial script to his daughter who perished giving birth to his . Anderson owned a large tract of orange groves west of the Governor's House along King Street the main thoroughfare of St. Augustine and wanted to sell it to Flagler. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. Unfortunately, the Key West Extension is viewed as a business failure having "never earned the expected revenue before the Labor Day hurricane of 1935 destroyed it" (Akin 223). Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. This is somewhat my case. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. It had become the richest, biggest, most feared business in the world, seemingly immune to the boom and bust of the business cycle, consistently racking up profits year after year. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. These certificates became traded by speculators, thus creating the first oil-futures market which effectively set spot market prices from then on. For a time, Ida Alice and Henry Flagler both stayed and entertained guests within Kirkside, but trouble was on the horizon for Flagler and his second wife. [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. He was born in New York. MLA: VisitStAugustine.com. Was Colonel Henry Ostrom's first wife Elizabeth FLAGLER? So, the Flagler family (Henry, Mary, little Harry, Jennie, and her first husband, John Arthur Hinckley) spent the winter of 1877-1878 in St. Augustine. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. In 1913, Henry Flagler passed away after breaking his hip falling down a staircase at Whitehall. [43], When Flagler's first wife Mary (ne Harkness) fell sick, his physician recommended they travel to Jacksonville for the winter to escape the brutal conditions of the North. [32] More threatening to Standard's power was the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, originally used to control unions, but later central to the breakup of the Standard Oil trust. A Second Wife and a Second Career. Only his son Harry Harkness Flagler survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. Henry Flagler didn't leave the sanitarium wanting, however, as Alice's estate (to which only her Flagler-hired guardians had direct access) was full of Standard Oil stocks. He is also known as a founder of the cities of Miami and Palm Beach, Florida. He was also a key figure in the development of the Atlantic coast of Florida and founder of the Florida East Coast Railway, much of which he built through convict leasing. If you stroll through the area of St. Augustine immediately west of downtown, you will experience the extraordinary influence of New Yorker Henry Morrison . She had been en route to St. Augustine from Charleston, South Carolina on the schooner Oneida. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. From various newspapers, 1887 - 1895. In 1885, Standard Oil moved its corporate headquarters to New York City to the iconic 26 Broadway location. Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. It was in the late 1850s that Flagler met John D. Rockefeller who was working for a Cleveland grain broker and traveled the hinterlands in search of business. He used convict leasing "a method undertaken by the Southern States to replace the economic setup of slavery"[47] to modernize the existing railroads, allowing them to accommodate heavier loads and more traffic.[48]. Henry had 3 siblings: Melacinda Flagler and 2 other siblings. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. [62], Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. Standiford, Les. She married Frederick L. Tuttle 1867-1886), and they had two children, Frances Emeline 1868 and Henry 1870. [citation needed][66], "Henry M. Flagler" redirects here. It is one of his most significant projects, because it was constructed as a memorial to Flagler's only daughter, Jenny. His father, Isaac Flagler, was a Presbyterian minister. Having had no prior experience in the salt industry, the Flagler & York company flopped and Henry lost around $100,000 ($100K in 1865 is nearly $2 million in 2022). Such incentive led to the development of Miami, which was an unincorporated area at the time. Along with that, Henry Flagler being referred to as a 'Robber Baron' alongside businessmen like Carnegie and Rockefeller is no exaggeration. Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. APA: VisitStAugustine.com. VisitStAugustine.com. "[27] Over time foreign competition and new finds abroad eroded his dominance. Despite her frail health, though, she was the only one of Henry Flagler's three wives to bear him any children. According to Florida historian Thomas Graham in his book The Awakening of St. Augustine, an acquaintance of the businessman once inquired about whether his judgment was sound when he decided to invest in Florida (one can imagine that they may not have been acquaintances for very long afterward). Though a hard worker, Flagler was widely recognized as a ruthless businessman. In June 1870, Flagler and Rockefeller formed Standard Oil of Ohio, which rapidly became the most profitable refiner in Ohio. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. "Flagler's Magnificent Hotel Ponce de Leon," FL: The Florida Historical Quarterly, Issue 54, Volume 1. Flamingo Visitor Center is 24 miles away. Together, the three set their sights on opening a distillery that would serve nearby railroad workers. Henry Flagler's most monumental accomplishment was realized only a year before he died. Both of Henry's parents had been married previously. Estate All the things he owned. His lifelong interest was in music and its promotion, primarily in New York City. Ida. Over the course of her marriage to Henry Flagler, Ida Alice Shourds is reported to have begun displaying unstable behavior she was rumored to have a temper, and her fondness for lavish parties and attention did not go unnoticed by Gilded Age Society. Along with the Ponce de Leon Hotel complex (which included four buildings in total), Flagler was also spending money on the construction of several other projects, including an estate for himself and his second wife, Ida Alice Flagler. His body was sent to St. Augustine on May 23 where he was laid to rest along side of his his first wife Mary Harkness in the Memorial Presbyterian Church mausoleum built for his daughter Jennie Louise. In Downtown Miami journey to St. Augustine that would serve nearby Railroad workers herself, Mary Henry... 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